The Back-to-Africa Movement was a significant aspect of Black history that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries. The movement called for African Americans to return to the African continent, their ancestral homeland, in search of freedom, opportunity, and a connection to their cultural roots. The idea behind the movement was fueled by the desire to escape racial discrimination, segregation, and systemic racism in the United States.

One of the most notable proponents of the Back-to-Africa Movement was Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born leader who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914. Garvey's philosophy of Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism inspired millions of Black people around the world to embrace the idea of repatriation to Africa. His famous slogan, "Africa for the Africans," became a rallying cry for those seeking a new beginning in their ancestral homeland.

Garvey's efforts to promote the Back-to-Africa Movement included the establishment of the Black Star Line, a shipping company intended to facilitate transportation for African Americans returning to Africa. While the practical implementation of the movement faced challenges and setbacks, its symbolism and influence on Black pride and identity cannot be understated. The Back-to-Africa Movement laid the groundwork for later Pan-African movements and continues to be an important part of Black history and culture.