The Back-to-Africa Movement was a key aspect of Black history that began in the 19th century and continued into the 20th century. The movement aimed to encourage people of African descent, particularly those in the diaspora who were descendants of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas through the transatlantic slave trade, to return to the African continent.

One of the most notable figures associated with the Back-to-Africa Movement was Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born activist and founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Garvey believed that people of African descent faced continued discrimination and oppression in predominantly white societies, and that the best solution was for Black people to return to Africa to build a unified and prosperous nation free from racism.

Garvey's movement gained significant traction in the early 20th century, particularly in the United States where he established branches of the UNIA and promoted the idea of a "Black Star Line" shipping company to facilitate the transport of African Americans back to Africa.

Although the Back-to-Africa Movement did not result in large-scale repatriation to Africa, it had a lasting impact on Black identity and pride, inspiring later movements such as the Civil Rights Movement and the Pan-African movement. The idea of returning to Africa as a way to connect with African heritage and culture remains an important theme in Black history and continues to influence discussions of identity and belonging in the African diaspora.