The Back-to-Africa Movement was a prominent part of Black history that emerged in the 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to the ongoing racial discrimination and oppression experienced by African Americans in the United States. The movement was spearheaded by various Black leaders and organizations who advocated for the resettlement of African Americans in Africa, their ancestral homeland.

One of the most influential figures associated with the Back-to-Africa Movement was Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican-born Black nationalist and Pan-Africanist who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Garvey's vision was to establish an independent Black nation in Africa, free from the oppression and discrimination faced by African Americans in the U.S.

Garvey's "Back to Africa" campaign gained significant traction among African Americans, especially during the early 20th century. The UNIA organized mass events, established businesses, and promoted the idea of African pride and self-determination among Black communities. Garvey's efforts to mobilize and uplift Black people around the world had a lasting impact on the global Black liberation struggle.

Although the Back-to-Africa Movement itself did not lead to widespread resettlement of African Americans in Africa, it did inspire a sense of pride and unity among Black communities and laid the foundation for later initiatives promoting Pan-Africanism and cultural exchange between African Americans and Africans. The movement highlighted the resilience and determination of Black people to seek liberation and equality in the face of systemic racism and oppression.